Government Space Programs
Most of the countries around the world have government-run space agencies that carry out different types of space missions. The United States has NASA, which remains the most well-funded agency. In 2021, NASA's budget was $25 billion. NASA plays a key role in space exploration through its planetary science and human spaceflight programs. The agency has rovers active on Mars and is planning crewed missions to the Moon and eventual crewed missions to Mars.

Russia has Roscosmos, which operates an active human spaceflight program to the International Space Station using its Soyuz rockets and capsules. After the retirement of the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) Shuttle program in 2011, the Soyuz vehicle became the only means of transporting astronauts to and from the ISS. However, private US companies like SpaceX are now also providing crewed transportation services to the ISS.

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